Background: Plant polyphenols have been found to be effective in preventing ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-\ninduced skin alterations. A dietary approach based of these compounds could be a safe and effective method\nto provide a continuous adjunctive photoprotection measure. In a previous study, a combination of rosemary\n(Rosmarinus officinalis) and grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) extracts has exhibited potential photoprotective\neffects both in skin cell model and in a human pilot trial.\nObjective: We investigated the efficacy of a combination of rosemary (R. officinalis) and grapefruit\n(C. paradisi) in decreasing the individual susceptibility to UVR exposure (redness and lipoperoxides) and\nin improving skin wrinkledness and elasticity.\nDesign: A randomised, parallel group study was carried out on 90 subjects. Furthermore, a pilot, randomised,\ncrossover study was carried out on five subjects. Female subjects having skin phototype from I to III and\nshowing mild to moderate chrono- or photoageing clinical signs were enrolled in both studies. Skin redness\n(a* value of CIELab colour space) after UVB exposure to 1 minimal erythemal dose (MED) was assessed in\nthe pilot study, while MED, lipoperoxides (malondialdehyde) skin content, wrinkle depth (image analysis),\nand skin elasticity (suction and elongation method) were measured in the main study.\nResults: Treated subjects showed a decrease of the UVB- and UVA-induced skin alterations (decreased skin\nredness and lipoperoxides) and an improvement of skin wrinkledness and elasticity. No differences were\nfound between the 100 and 250 mg extracts doses, indicating a plateau effect starting from 100 mg extracts\ndose. Some of the positive effects were noted as short as 2 weeks of product consumption.\nConclusions: The long-term oral intake of NutroxsunTM can be considered to be a complementary nutrition\nstrategy to avoid the negative effects of sun exposure. The putative mechanism for these effects is most likely\nto take place through the inhibition of UVR-induced reactive oxygen species and the concomitant\ninflammatory markers (lipoperoxides and cytokines) together with their direct action on intracellular\nsignalling pathways.
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